Chapter 16. Management of Natural Resources

Class 10 Science Chapter 16. Management of Natural Resources Internal Questions and Answers :

1. What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment- friendly?

Answer: To become more environmentally friendly, I can reduce my energy consumption by turning off lights and electronics when not in use, minimize water wastage, recycle and compost, opt for sustainable transportation methods, and choose reusable products over disposable ones.
2. What would be the advantages of exploiting resources with short-term aims?

Answer: Exploiting resources with short-term aims may lead to immediate economic gains and increased production. However, the advantages are often short-lived, as it can deplete finite resources, damage ecosystems, exacerbate climate change, and compromise the long-term sustainability and well-being of future generations.
3. How would these advantages differ from the advantages of using a long-term perspective in managing our resources?

Answer: Taking a long-term perspective in managing resources focuses on sustainability and preserving ecosystems. The advantages include ensuring a stable supply of resources for future generations, mitigating environmental damage, fostering resilience to climate change, and promoting overall ecological balance and the well-being of both present and future generations.
4. Why do you think there should be equitable distribution of resources? What forces would be working against an equitable distribution of our resources?

Answer: Equitable distribution of resources is important for several reasons:

 (i) Ensuring that resources are distributed equitably promotes fairness and reduces social inequalities. It allows everyone, regardless of their background, to have access to essential resources and opportunities.

(ii) Equitable distribution of resources supports the basic needs and well-being of individuals and communities. It helps address poverty, hunger, healthcare disparities, and other socioeconomic challenges.

(iii) By distributing resources fairly, we can foster sustainable development and avoid overexploitation or deprivation. It helps maintain ecological balance and ensures that future generations can meet their needs.

Forces working against equitable distribution of resources can be:

(i) Socioeconomic inequalities, such as unequal access to education, employment, and wealth, can lead to unequal resource distribution.

(ii) Corrupt practices, unequal power dynamics, and inadequate governance structures can hinder equitable resource distribution.

(iii) Systemic discrimination based on factors like race, gender, or socio-economic status can perpetuate unequal distribution and limit opportunities for marginalized communities.

(iv) Scarce resources and intense competition can create challenges in achieving equitable distribution, especially when there are conflicting interests and competing demands.

Internal Questions :

1. Why should we conserve forests and wildlife?

Answer: Conserving forests and wildlife is crucial for maintaining biodiversity, preserving ecosystems, regulating climate, providing habitat for species, supporting local communities, mitigating natural disasters, and ensuring the long-term sustainability of our planet's resources and well-being.
2. Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of forests.

Answer: Some approaches towards the conservation of forests are :

(i) Establish and effectively manage protected areas such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and nature reserves to safeguard forest ecosystems and biodiversity.

(ii) Promote sustainable logging techniques, such as selective logging and reduced-impact logging, which minimize ecological damage and maintain the health of forest ecosystems.

(iii) Undertake initiatives to restore degraded forests by planting native tree species and creating new forests on deforested or unused lands.

(iv) Engage local communities in forest conservation efforts by recognizing their rights, providing alternative livelihood options, and involving them in decision-making processes.

(v) Strengthen enforcement of laws against illegal logging, poaching, and wildlife trafficking, and support anti-poaching initiatives to protect endangered species.

(vi) Promote sustainable livelihood options for forest-dependent communities, such as agroforestry, ecotourism, and non-timber forest product harvesting, to reduce pressure on forests.

(vii) Raise awareness among the general public about the importance of forests, their role in biodiversity conservation, and the need for sustainable forest management.

(viii) Foster international collaboration to address global challenges like deforestation and climate change, through initiatives like REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation).

Internal Questions :

1. Find out about the traditional systems of water harvesting/management in your region.

Answer:  Traditional water harvesting systems vary across regions and cultures.

Some examples are :

(i) Collecting rainwater from rooftops or natural surfaces and channeling it into storage tanks, ponds, or underground reservoirs.

(ii) Constructing canals to divert water from rivers, streams, or other water sources for agricultural purposes.

(iii) Digging wells or constructing stepwells to access groundwater for drinking water or irrigation.

(iv) Creating terraces on slopes to slow down water runoff, prevent soil erosion, and retain moisture for crops.

(v) Building ponds or reservoirs to collect and store water during the rainy season for later use.

These traditional water harvesting/management practices have been developed over centuries to optimize water availability and mitigate water scarcity in various regions.

2. Compare the above system with the probable systems in hilly/mountainous areas or plains or plateau regions.

Answer: Water harvesting and management systems in hilly/mountainous areas, plains, and plateau regions can vary due to the unique characteristics and topography of each region.

Hilly/mountainous areas often employ techniques like terracing, contour bunding, and check dams to slow down water runoff, prevent soil erosion, and conserve moisture for agriculture.

In plains, irrigation canals, reservoirs, and floodplain management systems are commonly used to manage water for agriculture, control flooding, and sustain river ecosystems.

Plateau regions may utilize techniques such as percolation tanks, check dams, and groundwater recharge structures to harvest rainwater and replenish aquifers.

Each region's systems are tailored to their specific geography, water availability, and local needs, showcasing the adaptability and diversity of traditional water harvesting and management practices.

3. Find out the source of water in your region/locality. Is water from this source available to all people living in that area?

Answer: The source of water can vary greatly depending on the location. Common water sources include rivers, lakes, groundwater, reservoirs, or municipal water supplies.

The availability of water from these sources to all people living in an area depends on various factors such as infrastructure, distribution networks, population density, and local water management policies. Access to water can vary within a region based on these factors.

Class 10 Science Chapter 16. Management of Natural Resources Exercises :

1. What changes would you suggest in your home in order to be environment-friendly?

Answer: To make our home more environmentally friendly, here are some changes we can consider :

(i) Install energy-efficient appliances, LED light bulbs, and programmable thermostats. Insulate your home properly to reduce heating and cooling energy needs.

(ii) Install low-flow faucets and showerheads, fix any leaks promptly, and consider capturing rainwater for non-potable uses like gardening.

(iii) Practice recycling and composting to minimize waste. Use reusable bags, containers, and water bottles instead of disposable ones.

(iv) Opt for eco-friendly materials when renovating or furnishing your home, such as recycled or sustainably sourced wood, bamboo, or cork.

(v) Maximize natural lighting to reduce the need for artificial lighting during the day. Use curtains or blinds to regulate heat gain or loss.

(vi) Consider installing solar panels or utilizing other renewable energy sources like wind or geothermal, depending on the feasibility and local regulations.

(vii) Design a low-maintenance, water-efficient landscape using native plants, drought-tolerant species, and permeable surfaces to reduce water runoff.

(viii) Utilize smart home systems to optimize energy usage by controlling lighting, heating, and cooling remotely and monitoring energy consumption.

Remember, every small step towards an eco-friendly home can make a significant impact on the environment and contribute to a more sustainable future.

2. Can you suggest some changes in your school which would make it environment-friendly?

Answer: Some changes that can make a school more environmentally friendly :

(i) Install energy-efficient lighting, utilize natural light, and educate students and staff on energy-saving practices.

(ii) Implement recycling programs, reduce paper usage by encouraging digital communication, and set up composting systems for food waste.

(iii) Install low-flow fixtures, promote water conservation awareness, and maintain efficient irrigation practices for landscaping.

(iv) Encourage walking, biking, or carpooling to reduce carbon emissions. Provide bike racks and support public transportation options.

(v) Integrate environmental education into the curriculum, fostering awareness and understanding of sustainability and ecological principles.

(vi) Develop gardens or outdoor classrooms to promote connection with nature and hands-on learning about the environment.

(vii) Explore options for solar panels or other renewable energy sources to power the school.

(viii) Prioritize purchasing eco-friendly products, such as recycled paper, energy-efficient electronics, and non-toxic cleaning supplies.

Implementing these changes can create a more sustainable and environmentally conscious learning environment within the school.

3. We saw in this chapter that there are four main stakeholders when it comes to forests and wildlife. Which among these should have the authority to decide the management of forest produce? Why do you think so?

Answer: The decision-making authority for the management of forest produce should ideally involve a collaborative approach that includes all four main stakeholders: government authorities, local communities, environmental organizations, and industries. Each stakeholder brings unique perspectives, expertise, and interests. Involving all stakeholders ensures a balanced and inclusive decision-making process that considers environmental conservation, sustainable livelihoods, social equity, and economic factors. It promotes transparency, reduces conflicts, and leads to more effective and holistic management of forest resources for the benefit of all stakeholders and the environment.

4. How can you as an individual contribute or make a difference to the management of (a) forests and wildlife, (b) water resources and (c) coal and petroleum?

Answer: As an individual ,

(a) We can contribute to the management of forests and wildlife by supporting conservation organizations, volunteering for reforestation projects, practicing responsible tourism, and advocating for sustainable practices.

(b) For water resources, we can conserve water at home, promote rainwater harvesting, avoid water pollution, and participate in community initiatives to protect local water bodies.

Regarding coal and petroleum, we can reduce our carbon footprint by conserving energy, using public transportation or carpooling, supporting renewable energy sources, and advocating for policies that promote clean energy transition and reduce dependency on fossil fuels.

5. What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources?

Answer: As an individual , we can reduce our consumption of natural resources by practicing mindful consumption. This includes conserving energy by turning off lights and electronics when not in use, reducing water usage, recycling and composting, choosing energy-efficient appliances, opting for sustainable and durable products, and minimizing food waste.
6. List five things you have done over the last one week to –
(a) conserve our natural resources.
(b) increase the pressure on our natural resources.

Answer:  (a) Examples of actions to conserve natural resources are :

(i).Reduced energy consumption by turning off lights and electronics when not in use.

(ii). Used reusable water bottles and bags instead of single-use plastics.

(iii). Recycled paper, plastic, and glass waste.

(iv). Opted for public transportation or carpooling instead of driving alone.

(v). Supported local and sustainable food options, such as purchasing organic or locally sourced produce.

(b) Examples of actions that may increase pressure on natural resources are :

(i). Engaged in excessive water usage, such as taking long showers or leaving taps running unnecessarily.

(ii). Purchased products with excessive packaging or single-use plastics.

(iii). Used non-renewable energy sources without considering alternatives.

(iv). Contributed to deforestation by purchasing products made from unsustainable or illegally harvested timber.

(v). Engaged in activities that contribute to pollution, such as improper waste disposal or using non-environmentally friendly chemicals.

7. On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter, what changes would you incorporate in your life-style in a move towards a sustainable use of our resources?

Answer: In a move towards sustainable use of resources, I would incorporate the following changes in my lifestyle:

(i). Minimize energy consumption by turning off lights and appliances when not in use, and opting for energy-efficient alternatives.

(ii). Reduce water usage by fixing leaks, taking shorter showers, and using water-saving devices.

(iii). Practice waste reduction through recycling, composting organic waste, and minimizing single-use items.

(iv). Choose sustainable and ethically sourced products, such as organic food, renewable energy options, and eco-friendly household goods.

(v). Support local and environmentally conscious businesses and engage in responsible consumerism.

(vi) Educate myself and others about environmental issues and advocate for sustainable practices and policies.

(vii). Reduce reliance on private vehicles by using public transportation, biking, or walking whenever possible.

By adopting these changes, I can contribute to the sustainable use of resources, minimize my environmental footprint, and promote a more sustainable future.